History

Industrialization and the Rise of Spokane

Railroads, Mining, and Economic Boom

Spokane’s transformation from a quiet trading outpost to a bustling city began in the 1880s with the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway. This access to national markets turned Spokane into a crucial hub for mining, timber, and agriculture. Silver and gold discoveries in nearby areas like Coeur d’Alene attracted prospectors and investors, fueling a population boom and immense economic growth. The city was officially incorporated in 1881, initially named “Spokan Falls” (the ‘e’ was added later). It quickly gained prominence as the commercial center of the Inland Northwest. However, in 1889, a devastating fire ravaged much of downtown Spokane. Remarkably, the city rebuilt quickly and more robustly, with brick and stone replacing wood structures. This event marked Spokane’s resilience and foresight in urban planning.

20th Century and Modern Development

Expo ’74 and a New Identity

In the 20th century, Spokane continued to grow but faced challenges such as economic fluctuations and urban decline post-World War II. However, one of the most defining moments in Spokane’s modern history was hosting the 1974 World’s Fair—Expo ’74. It was the first environmentally-themed world’s fair and helped revitalize the city’s downtown, particularly the area now known as Riverfront Park. The fair brought global attention to Spokane and remains a point of pride for residents. Today, Spokane stands as a vibrant cultural and economic center of eastern Washington. While still benefiting from its roots in natural resources, the city has diversified into healthcare, education, and technology. With its historic districts, scenic riverfront, and a growing appreciation of its indigenous and pioneer past, Spokane blends heritage with forward-thinking, making it one of the most unique cities in the Pacific Northwest.

Early History and Indigenous Roots

The Spokane Tribe and the River that Sustained Them

Long before European settlers arrived, the Spokane region was home to the Spokane Tribe of Indians, who had lived in the area for thousands of years. The tribe’s name, meaning “Children of the Sun,” reflected their deep connection with nature and the bountiful environment of the Inland Northwest. The Spokane River was central to their way of life, providing an abundance of salmon, which they relied on for sustenance, trade, and ceremonial purposes. The Spokane people had an intricate social and political structure and were known for their expertise in fishing, hunting, and basket weaving. They established seasonal camps along the riverbanks and engaged in trading networks that spanned across the Columbia Plateau. The arrival of European diseases and later, settlers, would tragically impact the indigenous population, but the cultural legacy of the Spokane Tribe endures through continued presence and sovereignty in the region today.

19th Century: Contact, Settlement, and Growth

Fur Trade and Missionary Influence

The first Europeans to encounter the Spokane area were fur traders in the early 1800s, notably those associated with the North West Company and later the Hudson’s Bay Company. Fort Spokane was established near the junction of the Spokane and Columbia Rivers as a trading post. In the mid-19th century, Jesuit missionaries also arrived, attempting to convert and “civilize” local tribes. Father Pierre-Jean De Smet was one of the most prominent figures among them. As tensions grew over land and resources, conflicts between settlers and tribes became more common. Treaties were signed—often under pressure or duress—leading to the loss of vast territories for the Spokane people. Despite this, the city would grow rapidly as an American frontier settlement.

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